Peter Maunz, University of Maryland and JQI, College Park, MD 20742, USA

Ultrafast pulses for the entanglement of cold trapped atomic ions

Ultrafast laser pulses open up new possibilities for the quantum manipulation of laser-cooled trapped ion systems. Appropriately tailored pulses should allow the operation of fast multi-ion entangling gates [1-3]. Ultrashort pulses can also be used to efficiently excite an atom on a timescale much faster than the excited state lifetime, and the resulting single emitted photon can be entangled with the final quantum state of the atom for applications in quantum networking [4].

In a recent experiment, we have exploited this atom-photon entanglement in order to couple two single 171Yb atomic ions separated by one meter. The ions are simultaneously excited with an ultrafast pulse and the resulting two scattered photons are detected in an antisymmetric Bell state [5,6]. This projects the quantum state of the two ions in a likewise antisymmetric superposition state. We demonstrate entanglement using a photonic frequency qubit [3] as well as a polarization qubit [4] and fully characterize the produced entangled state using quantum state tomography. Even though this entanglement scheme is probabilistic, it allows for high fidelity entanglement that can be used as a resource for entangling larger numbers of qubits or for the propagation of quantum information over very large distances. .

[1] J.J. Garcia-Ripoll, P. Zoller, and J. I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 157901 (2003)
[2] L.-M. Duan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 100502 (2004).
[3] M. J. Madsen, et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 040505 (2006).
[4] B. B. Blinov, et. al., Nature 428, 153 (2004).
[5] C. Simon and W.T.M. Irvine, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 110405 (2003)
[6] D.L. Moehring et al., Nature 449, 68 (2007)